These are my very rough unedited notes for the Cooperation Theory collaborative learning session at Howard Reingold University. The session was hosted by Howard Reingold (author of Smart Mobs) as part of his mindamp series. Howard may do a full length cooperation theory course in the summer… that would be exciting!

Social Action

People looking down at their phones in Japan long before us… it got Howard thinking.

• In the Philipines people texted to organize demonstration to bring down Joseph Lastrada.
• Collective action is not always a pretty thing… riots in africa etc. People who share a grievance can organize quickly – non-violent or violent.
• Election in Korea (see oh my news).
• Madrid, dozen copies of a photo in email sent to Howard many times. Bombings in the railroads blamed on basque separatists. Social tech enabled organization tipped the election.
• 20,000 highschool students organize anti-immigration deportation rally in LA over myspace.
• Chilean society. Penguin revolution, 15-18 year old students. Photoblogs and youtube. 700,000 people. changed the dialog about education.
• SMS organized protests against Denmark in Syria and Egypt, around the mohamad cartoons.
• Moldova, violent action. Social media and mobile phones.

Open Source

• Not organized by companies
• People who didn’t know eachother
• Not working for money
• Make technology that challenges software companies

Market Places

• Ebay provides a little info that creates enough trust to overcome prisoner’s dilemna (which should not happen theoretically).
• Think cycle… idea marketplace for design students. Huge success in designing colera dehydration unit.

Swarm computing collectives.

• Seti at home. Screen saver loads, then processes outerspace data. For a while this was the most powerful super computer.
• Folding @ Home does something similar for cancer analysis. It’s an intractible problem, but can tackle the same way by aggregating computing power. (Distributed.net)

Disaster Response

• South east asian blog after tsunami
• Same after katrina
• Now first responders are all over the world
• Jim Gray, searched for him after he disapeared. 12,000 images gone through by mechanical turk. He was never found but this was organized in 24 hours.
• 1/4 million dollars raised for drinking water over twitter

Origins

• Success of colaborative hunting of mastadons, lead to human adaptions for collaboration.
• Large scale aggriculture instigated large human settlements, and writing for accounting
• Guttenberg was an entrepeneur – had amassed lots of metal. Not much known but had law suites with creditors. The printing press allowed Luther’s writings to be read at home.
• Science relied on genius’s coming along but aggregation of observations allows a new kind of collective knowledge to emerge.
• Cycles of information overload inspire reactions to them.
• Revolutions in europe were literate revolutions. The federalist papers were letters to news papers.
• Literate populations were enabled by these technologies to do things they were not able to do before

Social Dilemmas: 3 Mythic narratives

• Prisoners’s dilemma. Simplified into a grid. Matrix of permutations for 2 priorities betraying or not betraying the other. Another interesting one called the ultimatum game. It also turn’s out that sense of fairness (50 / 50 split) is cultural!

• The tragedy of the commons. Many desserts were overgrazed grass lands. Elanor Ostrom studied a lot of water sharing arrangements and found that there were a small but regular proportion of people who were able to sustain their use of resources.

• Public goods. Elanor Ostrom Found 8 design principles that are needed for success. She said institutions for collective action can define their way out of the prisoners dilemma. She won the nobel prize in economics last year. Matrix of Rivalrous, Non-Rivelrous (these are about finite goods); with Excludable, Non-Excludable (these are about access).

Biology originally did not see cooperation as being a large part of evolution. But this has been changing. Altruistic punishment may be the glue that holds societies together.

Technologies of Cooperation & Sharing Economies: The cooperation Project

Chat Notes

• Couchsurfing.com takes advantage of axelrod’s 3 necessary conditions.
• Herzog cave of forgotten dreams interesting

Collaborative Learning

Gregor McNish: Boardgamegeek.com. Simple dynamics that lead to rich game play. Lots of clubs in many cities where people gather for these. Howard: what games are interesting (knows about public goods and prisoner’s dilemna) Subzombie: Dixit was really fun and involved very cool rules Vahid: in video games, there’s a trend of games that enfasize cooperation more and more

What about markets for ideas? Ideagoras. Was talking about inocentive. There was a gold company that had lots of mines and geologic data that was going out of business. They published their data and asked where should they drill… they received answers that allowed them to collect much more gold. IBM made a patent commons that made their patents available as long as others published their improvements to these patents… this is very much the open source model.

Yochai Benkler – Open Source economics

Is collective action more socialist or anarchistic in nature? Howard: It’s not socialalism. Socialism is centralized and coerced. Collective action is distributed but it is not without hierarchy although it devolves to individual decision makeing. It is not coerced.

Why do open source software developers contribute. Their motivations in order have been collected as:

• Learning
• Developing a reputation (that can be converted to money)
• Working towards an altruistic aim
• Sticking it to microsoft

Steven weber wrote the success of open source. Cooperationcommons.com gives a good 1 page summary of this.

Addtional link notes by participants here

My talk at Rubyconf 2009 on using Ruby for audio projects was posted I focus on frequently unfamiliar open source libs that people may find useful and make reference to a number of BArCMuT presenter’s projects. There’s a lot of talk about using Ruby and Chuck, SuperCollider, solving sync issues, etc, etc. You can find the source code for the presentations on github here

One major Ruby discovery since then is that Charles Nutter (a primary author of jRuby) has a version of Ruby that uses static typing, runs on the JVM, and runs at the speed of Java! It’s called duby and it’s available here

Over the last year I have been contemplating how to further democratize the Bay Area Computer Music Technology group ( BArCMuT ) for more co-organization and stronger collaborative relationships, while maintaining a high quality of events. On my way back from NAMM this idea for writing a constitution for BArCMuT bubbled up. The only receptacle for the idea on South West was this slightly waxy emergency bag.

Since then I have refined the constitutions guidelines and listed them below. If you need to skim this article just skip to the “BArCMuT Constitution” section. Before I get to the guidelines, I would like to share some background on how I arrived at the new form for BArCMuT…

Some Background On BArCMuT’s Inspiration

In 2003 I attended a Dorkbot event in which Tim Thompson presented Key Kit game controller hacks and Dr. Friendly presented a crazy wavelet feedback algorithm. My friend Zu who is an entertainment magazine editor in Poland asked me what I thought the coolest thing in San Francisco was and I told her about Dorkbot. I meant it.

Then, in early 07 at the SF Ruby Meetup I had my mind blown by awesome technical talks by Chris Wanstrath (now Github co-founder) and others. These events made me wonder “why doesn’t a group like this exist specifically for the computer music community?”.

I had recently quit my job at Digidesign thinking that I was going to develop this weird ontological DJ remixing algorithm while I contracted. I was constantly looking for the right technology to build it in. My max patches had gotten un-managable with 100+ sub-patches and lots of logic that was more suited to procedural programming. Java audio sucked. Chuck – what was that? Csound was cumbersome. I was unsure about the Supercollider licensing. Ruby had no audio libraries. Python was a little better supported but less familiar. I wanted to hear people tell me about this stuff first hand.

I started the Bay Area Computer Music Technology Group in the fall of 2007. On the first night, the event magically came together as community leaders like Tim Thompson, Ge Wang, Vlad Spears, Scot Gresham Lancaster, and David Wessel decended on the Space Gallery in the Tenderloin of San Francisco. Nobody seemed to care about the street noise as we watched Ge’s chuck demo while sitting on church pews next to a recently assembled indoor skateboarding ramp.

The group took off after that night. Now there are over 500 members and we have had over 35 succesful events all over the Bay Area (Stanford CCRMA, Berkeley CNMAT, Mills College, Digidesign, Dolby, Maker Faire, GAAFTA etc). The presenters have been world class awesome and many of the members could just as easily be presenting or audiencing. I typically have to warn presenters that they will need to answer some very difficult questions from the expert tribunal refered to as the “audience”. Lots of people have told me how they acquired a job, met collaborators, changed product specs, or began an academic path at a BArCMuT event. This makes me happy and excited.

Fast forward to 2010. The community has gained a lot of great momentum with other groups like Phasor, Overlap.org, Learn Tech, Share San Jose, PyGame, and others. We’ve all been influencing eachother a lot and starting new projects. At an event at CCRMA, Tim Thompson said how BArCMuT had been one of his inspirations for starting the Share San Jose group. This was both nice and funny because I had actually been inspired by his talk at Dorkbot to create BArCMuT in the first place. I think this illustrates how a cool community can inspire itself.

Despite the fact that our community really is a headless web, BArCMuT has formed as a benevolent dictatorship. In 2010 I would really like that to change. To do that I am symbolically stepping down as benevolent dictator and setting up a structure for co-organizing the group (aka the constitution). In fact, it’s weird to even think of the group as just being “BArCMuT members”. BArCMuT is actually just a tool for the community to organize itself, and I would like to re-org BArCMuT to reflect this.

What’s In It For Me

Part of cooperation is understanding why the people you are cooperating with are doing what they do.

At the bottom of my South West emergency bag BArCMuT constitution, there’s a section titled “WIIFM” (an abbreviation for “What’s in it for me”?). At the risk of being overly explicit, let me share why I organize BArCMuT:

• I want to participate in a community that I help to create
• I want to meet cool collaborators and make cool s@&#%!
• I want to know about awesome new electronic art technology, libraries, and techniques
• I want you to think that I am cool and well organized and include me in cool projects
• I want you to return my phone calls and emails

Conspicuously missing is any sort of profit motive. BArCMuT is an Open Source inspired organization, vis a vis Eric S. Raymond. The way I see it, collaboration creates value through network effects rather than through hording.

To get semi-technical, personal sub-optimization (greed) in a commons reduces the benefit of the commons as a whole and ultimately limits its abilities to benefit community members thus trashing the commons. For the mildly cynical or economics obsessed, building a commons can be thought of as “enlightened self interest”. But really, this technical framing doesn’t capture the spirit of why I built BArCMuT. For those who follow their heart, this approach can be described as just feeling good and creating community.

Envisioning The Computer Music Commons

To further the goals that I listed and I believe that many community members share, I want to reform BArCMuT as a durable commons for the computer music community. My strategy from the beginning has been to remove any frictions to having a neutral commons – such as such as pursuing direct monetary gain or gratuitous advertising. Now that BArCMuT exists as a community asset, the next step in reducing friction on the commons is to change the structure of BArCMuT from a tree to a graph.

Part of the strategy for limiting the politics that can exist within a group, is to limit the scope of what BArCMuT does. I hope to reduce politics by: not having a shared treasury, only allowing free events, and limiting the scope to events relevant to learning about or creating electronic arts (e.g. no concert audience promotion). BArCMuT definitely should support the excellent commercial work that is being done within our community ecosystem, but as a commons it should be clearly differentiated from these ventures.

The BArCMuT Constitution

Every group needs some guidelines – the more lightweight the better. Here’s my first attempt at codifying a group constitution for a co-organized BArCMuT. Please post your feedback.

Goals of the constitution:

• Create a durable commons that is not reliant on a single member (i.e. not a benevolent dictatorship run by me)
• Further enable the Bay Area computer music community to stay informed about technical talks, hack sessions, and community events
• Create a neutral commons for members to find collaborators, employment, teachers, and students
• Filter events to maintain a high level of quality

Participants:

• There are four general participant types: co-organizers, hosts, presenters, and attendees
• Initial co-organizers will be invited by me
• Additional co-organizers can be added or removed by an 80% group vote (I could use some additional advice on the official decision making process).
• Co-organizers can schedule official BArCMuT events if they fit the guidelines. An official BArCMuT event is one that sends RSVPs and is listed on the main page of barcmut.org
• Co-organizers, hosts, and presenters are encouraged to list their logo on the barcmut home page

BArCMuT event guidelines:

• events must include a technical talk about electronic art technology
• events must be free to members
• events must be in the Bay Area
• hosts, presenters, and co-organizers are encouraged to mention upcoming electronic art events (free or not), job positions, and products. Although community relevant promoting is encouraged as a vital part of the ecosystem, this should not dominate the event.
• co-organizers can list events (even if they are not official BArCMuT events) in the BArCMuT calendar. It would be great if we could announce all upcoming events listed in the calendar at official BArCMuT events.
• there will be no shared treasury or treasurer for BArCMuT
• venues, presentations, and co-organization are offered for free
• expenses will be payed by co-organizers or by donation (e.g. for security gaurds, snacks, etc.)

I am inviting trusted community members who I have organized events with in the past to be BArCMuT co-organizers. These co-organizers can schedule events that fit the BArCMuT guidelines. These include:

• Ge Wang (CCRMA, Smule)
• Sasha Leitman, Linnea Williams, Carr Wilkerson (CCRMA)
• Tim Thompson (Share San Jose, Visual Music Meetup, ZeroOne)
• David Wessel, Adrian Freed, Andy Schmeder (CNMAT)
• Barry Threw (GAFFTA, Overlap.org, etc.)
• Vlad Spears (Phasor, Overlap.org)
• Harry Tormey (PyGame, Digidesign)
• Chris Brown (Mills)
• Scot Gresham-Lancaster (Cogswell, The Hub)
• Rich & Moldover (Learntech, LoveTech)
• If you are not on the list and you think you should be let me know

A note about scheduling. If there are too many events (e.g > 4 per month) we may need to thin things out. One strategy would be to to list events that repeat frequently once as official BArCMuT RSVP events and then list them in the non RSVP calendar to be announced at other events.

Conclusion

In conclusion, I am excited about being part of more great events this year as a co-organizer. My plan is to work towards a durable commons through transparency and establishing light weight and usable guidelines. If I am doing something that seems to work against this plan, please tell me. I’m not perfect and I would appreciate the feedback.

Even before this article has been completed I have had some great conversations with other organizers about creating this commons. 2010 is going to be a great year for community!